The CS 61 series is an introduction to computer science, with particular emphasis on software and on machines from a programmer's point of view. This first course concentrates mostly on the idea of abstraction, allowing the programmer to think in terms appropriate to the problem rather than in low-level operations dictated by the computer hardware. The next course, CS 61B, will deal with the more advanced engineering aspects of software, such as constructing and analyzing large programs. Finally, CS 61C concentrates on machines and how they carry out the programs you write.
In CS 61A, we are interested in teaching you about programming, not about how to use one particular programming language. We consider a series of techniques for controlling program complexity, such as functional programming, data abstraction, and object-oriented programming. Mastery of a particular programming language is a very useful side effect of studying these general techniques. However, our hope is that once you have learned the essence of programming, you will find that picking up a new programming language is but a few days' work.
There is also a self-paced version of this course, 61AS, which fulfills the same requirements.
61A uses the Python 3 programming language. Python is a popular language in both industry and academia. It is also particularly well-suited to the task of exploring the topics taught in this course. It is an open-source language developed by a large volunteer community that prides itself on the diversity of its contributors.
In previous semesters, this course was taught using the Scheme language, a dialect of Lisp, which is the oldest programming language that is still recruiting new users today. Lisp and Python are similar in many ways. In fact, Lisp popularized many of the features that make Python a great language. Our choice to change languages is primarily motivated by the strength of Python's programming community, which you will soon join as you learn the language. Python also has excellent library support for a vast range of application areas. Knowing Python will help you pursue your future programming interests, wherever they may lead you.
Math 1A is a corequisite for 61A. (That is, it may be taken concurrently.)
There is no formal programming-related prerequisites for admission to 61A. However, most 61A students have had significant prior programming experience. There is no need for you to be familiar with any particular programming language. If you have taken the CS Advanced Placement AB course in C++ or Java, you are certainly ready for 61A.
If you don't feel ready for 61A, we recommend that you take CS 10 : The Beauty and Joy of Computing, which is an introduction to computer science for non-majors (and majors needing more programming experience). The course will teach students how to program using BYOB (based on Scratch), one of the friendliest programming languages ever invented. It's purely graphical, which means programming involves simply dragging blocks around, and building bigger blocks out of smaller blocks. But the course is far more than just learning to program! You'll learn some of the "Big Ideas" of computing, such as abstraction, design, recursion, concurrency, simulations, and the limits of computation. You'll also see some beautiful applications of computing that have changed the world, as well as talk about the history of computing and where it will go in the future.
Non-technical students (for instance, ones who prefer Math 16A to Math 1A) should probably avoid CS 61A entirely, and should take CS 10 to satisfy their need for or interest in a programming course.
If you are not strongly interested in computer programming at all, but instead want to learn how to use computers as a tool, you should consider IDS 110, a course that presents a variety of personal computer software along with a brief introduction to programming.
If you have substantial prior programming background, you may feel that you can skip 61A. In most cases we don't recommend that. Although 61A is the first course in the CS sequence, it's quite different from most introductory courses. You won't be bored in 61A. Perhaps your prior experience will allow you to skip 61B or 61C, which are more comparable to courses taught elsewhere.
Enrollment in CS 61A is controlled by the university and department. Please use the TeleBEARS system to enroll in the class. In addition to a lecture section, you must add a lab and corresponding discussion section in order to enroll in the class. Check the schedule of classes to find open sections to enroll in; if you attempt to enroll in a section that is already full, you will be placed on the waitlist. (You may also be placed on the waitlist due to university or departmental restrictions.) You may attend either lecture section, space permitting, and they will cover the same material. However, you must attend your assigned lab and discussion section.
Concurrent enrollment students must attend a lab and discussion section in the first week and obtain permission from their TA to continue in that section. We recommend that you choose a section with empty seats so that the TA can accommodate your attendance. In any case, your enrollment is still subject to approval by the instructor and the department.
The teaching staff has no power over enrollment whatsoever. Please contact Michael David-Sasson about any enrollment issues.
There is no required textbook for this course. Our primary text will be a series of lecture notes based on the classic book, Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs, which has been the textbook for 61A for many years. Lecture notes will be posted to the course website.
In addition to the lectures Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, the course consists of one discussion section and one laboratory section each week.
The lab and discussion sections are run by an amazing group of Teaching Assistants. This course is currently full, so please attend your assigned section.
Make sure that you are in a definite section by next week, because the course projects are done in pairs, and your partner must be in your section. Your TA will help you find a partner.
You are expected to attend all class meetings, including lectures, sections, and labs. We do not track attendance at any class meetings, but we do assign points for participation at the end of the term (see grading).
You must have a computer account on the 61A course facility. To set up an account, you need an account form, which you will receive in the first lab.
You must set up your account in the first week because that is how we know who is really in the class. If you are pre-enrolled but do not set up your account this week, you may be dropped from the course! Account forms will be distributed in lab and office hours this week. The first time you log in, you will be asked to type in your name and reg card number, if you have one. Please follow the instructions carefully. You must get your account and log into it no later than 4pm on the second Friday of class so that we have an accurate class count.
If you plan to use your personal computer for the course projects, you must get a class account, even if you intend never to use it. Class accounts are required for submitting assignments.
If you are not pre-enrolled and want to take 61A, you have to add the course using Tele-BEARS. If you are something other than a regular Berkeley undergraduate, then you probably need a signature on a form admitting you to the course: contact the instructor directly.
Your first and most important resource for help in learning the material in this course is your fellow students. Work closely with your project partner. You are responsible for helping each other learn.
If you have questions that others might have as well, regarding projects, homeworks, course policies, etc., post your questions to Piazza, the course messaging service. Piazza allows you to answer questions from other students. Your contributions (questions and answers) to this online forum will also contribute to your participation score in the course.
The class will have a staff of undergraduate Lab Assistants (LAs). Each LA will have scheduled hours to be in the lab. Whenever an LA is in the lab you may request that s/he answer questions about the homework or programs (but not do them for you).
The instructor and the Teaching Assistants who teach the discussion sections are also available to answer questions. You may drop in during office hours for any of the staff members. We can also make appointments for other times for personal issues, or you can email us. Please do not email the staff concerning questions of general interest, such as course policies or the assignments; given the size of the class, answering such questions over email is infeasible. Instead, please post the question to Piazza.
The computing laboratory in 271 Soda consists of about 35 SunRay terminals connected to a Sun Solaris compute server. This is our primary lab room, although the CS 61A accounts can also be used from any EECS Instructional lab in Soda or Cory Hall. The lab is normally available for use at all times, but you need a card key for evening access to the lab.
Current UCB students: If you are enrolled in the course, your Cal student ID serves as your card key and will automatically be activated for access to the Soda second floor labs (including entering the building). You do not have to do anything, unless for some reason it doesn't work, then see below.
Concurrent/other students: You can fill out an application and obtain a white card key from 387 Soda Hall (the front desk). There is a small fee for access.
During scheduled lab sessions, only students enrolled in that particular section may be in the lab. At other hours, any 61A student may use the lab on a drop-in basis. (The labs on the second floor of Soda Hall are unlocked during daytime hours.)
Be respectful of the lab space. Please don't steal the chairs, or bring in food or drinks. Don't unplug anything; unplugged computers make our hard-working instructional computing team very sad. Don't monopolize a workstation for six hours during prime time to play games. If you see someone disrupting the space, ask them to stop.
You have a homework assignment in the first week that requires you to work on the computer; part of the purpose of the assignment is to ensure that you know how to create, edit, and print files. Pick up your computer account this week, whether or not you are pre-enrolled.
Each week there will be problems assigned for you to work on, most of which will involve writing and debugging programs. These assignments come in three categories:
The purpose of the homework is for you to learn the course material, not to prove that you already know it. Therefore, the weekly homeworks are not graded on the correctness of your solutions, but on effort. You will get full credit for an entirely wrong answer that shows reasonable effort! Homeworks will be graded automatically.
Each homework is worth two points for a reasonable effort, zero points for a missing homework or one that seems to show no effort, or negative ten (-10) points for a solution copied from someone else.
The four programming projects are graded on the correctness and clarity of your solutions. If you work with a partner (which will be required in the later projects), work together to ensure that both group members understand the complete program you create.
Projects and homeworks will be submitted online. Through a web-based code review system, you will receive detailed feedback on your projects.
Your course grade is computed using a point system with a total of 300 points, with the following distribution.
There will be a short in-class quiz at the end of the second week. The intent is to provide you some early feedback on how well you are doing in the class. As such, it will be worth the same fraction of your grade as a homework assignment.
Midterms are held in the evenings from 7pm-9pm to give you more time to complete them than lecture would allow. You will be allowed to bring a fixed number of pages of notes to each exam. Details of this policy will be released as the exam approaches.
Midterms will be held on Wednesday 2/13 and Thursday 3/21! If you are not available from 7pm to 9pm on those days, notify your TA immediately. If an exam time conflicts with your assigned section for CS61A, please attend whichever alternate section you can; we will not hold sections during exam times.
The final exam will be held on Tuesday 5/14 for both lectures. The schedule of classes originally listed a different exam time for the second lecture, but this is incorrect. Please make sure that the final exam time does not conflict with another class that you are taking.
DSP students should contact the staff as soon as possible so that we can make arrangements for alternate exam times.
Each letter grade for the course corresponds to a range of scores:
A+ 290+ A 278-289 A- 271-277 B+ 253-270 B 237-252 B- 221-236 C+ 214-220 C 207-213 C- 200-206 D+ 190-199 D 180-189 D- 170-179
Notice that this scale is nonlinear; the steps are wider in the B range.
This grading formula implies that there is no curve; your grade will depend only on how well you do, and not on how well everyone else does.
If you believe that we have misgraded an exam, submit your exam and a written explanation of the mistake to your TA within 1 week of the section where the exams are handed back. The score for correct answers marked incorrect will be revised immediately. The score for incorrect answers are unlikely to be revised. By University policy, final exams may not be regraded.
Incomplete grades will be granted only for dire medical or personal emergencies that cause you to miss the final, and only if your work up to that point has been satisfactory.
With the obvious exception of exams, we encourage you to discuss all of the course activities with your friends and classmates as you are working on them. You will definitely learn more in this class if you work with others than if you do not. Ask questions, answer questions, and share ideas liberally.
To encourage participation, you will receive a small number of points for Effort, Participation and Altruism. This grade will not be given until the semester is over, and is a confidential value determined by the course staff. Effort is a measure of how hard you "try". E.g., Do you come to lab? Do you attend review sessions? Do you come to office hours? Do you keep up with the lab activities (whether or not you get them right)? Participation measures whether you speak up in lab and lecture and help make the class dynamic and interactive. Do you contribute to the community of the class? Online participation certainly counts. Altruism measures how much you help your fellow students learn. One of the best ways to learn is to teach someone else.
Since you're working collaboratively, keep your project partner and TA informed. If some medical or personal emergency takes you away from the course for an extended period, or if you decide to drop the course for any reason, please don't just disappear silently! You should inform your project partner and your TA, so that nobody is depending on you to do something you can't finish.
Cooperation has a limit, however, and in 61A that limit is code. Homework problems should be completed and turned in individually. Feel free to discuss the problems with others beforehand; just submit your own work in the end. Projects are to be completed in pairs, but you may discuss them more broadly than with your partner. However, you should not be sharing lines of code with others or reading code from other people's projects. Write your own programs and keep them to yourself.
I expect you to hand in your own work, take your own tests, and complete your own projects. The assignments and evaluations are structured to help you learn, which is why you're in College. (I can attest that they indeed help you learn, as I took the class back in 2001.) The course staff works hard to put together this course, and we ask in return that you respect the integrity of the course by not misrepresenting your work.
The EECS Department Policy on Academic Dishonesty says, "Copying all or part of another person's work, or using reference materials not specifically allowed, are forms of cheating and will not be tolerated." The policy statement goes on to explain the penalties for cheating, which range from a zero grade for the test up to dismissal from the University, for a second offense.
Rather than copying someone else's work, ask for help. You are not alone in this course! The TAs, lab assistants, and instructor are all here to help you succeed. If you invest the time to learn the material and complete the projects, you won't need to copy any answers.
A programming project that is not ready by the deadline may be turned in by midnight (11:59pm) the following day (up to 1 day late). Late projects will count for 2/3 of the earned score. No credit will be given for late homeworks, or for projects turned in more than one day late.
Please do not plead for exceptions. If some personal crisis disrupts your schedule one week, don't waste your time and ours by trying to change the course policy; just be sure you do the next week's work on time. If a serious crisis arises, let us know as soon as possible.
This document shouldn't end with a list of late penalties, because penalties and grades aren't the purpose of the course. We actually just want you to learn. We're very excited to have such a large and enthusiastic group of students this semester. We want all of you to be successful here. Welcome to 61A.